Argument Theories - Baker’s Learning Mechanisms

All of the theories relating to argument arise from conceptual or formal analysis of argument rather than as the findings of empirical studies. Baker (2004) builds upon the argument theory but in the context of empirical studies of online dialogues. He identifies four benefits or ‘learning mechanisms’ which could result from engaging in explicit argumentation: 

1.      Making knowledge explicit:

Learners that provide explanations, or make explicit the rationale for their problem solving behaviour, show the most learning benefits (Chi & van Lehn, 1991). Argumentation provides many opportunities for explanation, and preparing a justification or argumentative defence promotes reflection that often leads to deeper learning.

2.      Conceptual change:

Debating a question may raise doubt about initial misconceptions. Argumentation can thus allow conceptual transformation to take place.

3.      Co-elaboration of new knowledge:

In argumentation, learners work together to develop new knowledge. The interactive interpersonal nature of verbal interaction helps to scaffold individual learning. This principle can be applied to written argumentation, which takes place through online learning tools.

4.      Increasing articulation and clarification of implicit concepts:

Argumentation obliges learners to precisely formulate question and statements, and articulation transforms and deepens during the argument.

(Baker, 2004, pp100-101)

Again Baker’s work adds to the overall understanding of the argument theories and allows a better perception of how the online learning tools are supposed to function. The theories have so far identified what each individual needs to do and that it is a conversation that requires two people. It does link with my understanding of how learning can take place through a discussion in general as meaning is negotiated through collaboration, scaffolding and rationale for arguments stemming from literature. Can we assume that these theories will support critical thinking skills development in a group of people taking part in an online dialogue / argument?